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How to Set Up Your Board of Directors
You might think that a board of directors is something that only big companies have, but an LLC can choose to establish a Board - all S corporations and C corporations—even small businesses—are legally required to have boards of directors. Specific rules for the board of directors are established in the corporate bylaws and other corporate documents. Some requirements for boards of directors, including duties they owe and when they must be named, are set by state law.
At the early stages of your small business, your directors may come from within the organization, but as you grow and expand, you may consider adding board members from outside the organization. If you seek funding from investors, those investors may require that you give them board seats. Even if you do not have investors, outside board members can bring valuable expertise and perspective. Before setting up your corporation and forming a board of directors, you should consult corporate laws in your state - we have the experience and we can help with these formalities.
What are Board of Directors' Duties
Shareholders own a corporation and elect directors who are responsible for overseeing corporate operations. Directors have a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders—that is, they are required to act in the best interests of the company and its owners and not put their personal interests first. They must also exercise reasonable care when making decisions.
The board of directors helps to govern a corporation. Actual board duties vary from company to company. Board structure and director roles are set out in the corporate bylaws. These bylaws are established in the early stages of the corporation, around the same time that articles of incorporation are filed with the secretary of state.
In addition to bylaws, it is recommended that corporations have a board of directors’ agreement. This agreement outlines specific board member responsibilities, and can also describe corporate responsibilities to board members. This is a good place to set minimum expectations for board members and the consequences of not meeting those expectations.
The director roles defined in your documents should reflect your company’s needs and values. In many companies, directors’ responsibilities include the following:
● Electing officers such as the president, secretary, and treasurer, who are responsible for carrying out the daily operations of the corporation
● Setting corporate policy and executive salaries
● Establishing a budget and putting financial controls in place to responsibly manage resources
● Making major financial decisions, such as raising capital, taking out business loans, and making an initial public offering
● Laying out a vision and strategic plan for the organization
● Setting business goals in furtherance of the company’s vision and plan, and ensuring that management is held accountable for meeting these goals
● Hiring senior management
● Appointing, nominating, and recruiting new board members
● Holding meetings in accordance with state law and corporate bylaws
Setting Up a Board of Directors
Rules for setting up a board of directors can be found in state laws, corporate bylaws, and formation documents. Here are a few considerations to keep in mind when forming a board of directors:
● Board size. While state law does not impose a limit on the number of directors a corporate board can have, all states require at least one director, and some states require more than one. The size of your board will be dictated in part by the size and complexity of your company.
● Length of term. You do not have to set term limits, but limiting how long a board member can serve—both in a single term and the total number of terms—can keep your business from stagnating.
● Meeting schedule. Most states require the board to meet at least once every year, but some boards meet quarterly or even monthly. Your bylaws should outline the meeting schedule, quorum size, and method for notifying members of upcoming meetings. When it is time to meet, prepare an agenda that aligns with the company’s goals and maintain written records of the meeting (i.e., minutes).
● Adding and removing directors. Board vacancies can arise due to the end of a director’s term, a director stepping down, or a director being voted out. Plan for all contingencies by having a protocol for adding directors and removing them.
● Director compensation and expenses. At a minimum, be prepared to compensate directors for all board-related activities. Beyond that, compensating board members is not necessarily expected, but can aid in motivating them. Instead of cash, consider shares or stock options. If board members perform separate consulting services outside of their normal board activities, separate compensation may be needed for these services. You may also need to provide liability insurance for directors.
● Deciding who can serve. At small companies that only consist of the founder and a few employees, the founders may be not only the owners, but also the directors. A small business CEO may serve as chairperson of the board and be joined on the board by other executives. Unless your business is a publicly traded company, it does not need outside directors. However, an outside perspective from somebody who is not involved in daily operations can be valuable. Outside directors can bring business expertise and important contacts in the business world as well. For companies that bring in outside investors, a seat at the board may be a funding requisite.
Setting up a board of directors and appointing its first members are crucial steps in the formation of a corporation. You can also create an advisory board to assist the board of directors. For example, as the owner, you could serve as the company’s sole director (if permitted under your state’s law) and have a group of advisors who provide counsel, but lack the governing authority of directors.
Whether you need assistance incorporating your business and drafting governing documents, or you need advice about setting up a board of directors and delegating roles, our team of business attorneys is here for you. Contact our office to schedule an appointment. 801-518-6073.
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What Is a Business Grant and How Do I Obtain One?
A business grant is a form of financial assistance given to a company by a government agency or private organization for a specific purpose. Grants, unlike loans, do not need to be paid back. Despite this benefit, finding a grant that your business qualifies for and submitting a complete application can be challenging. However, if your business could benefit from additional funds without incurring debt, a grant can be a great way to receive a capital infusion.
Types of Grants Available to Small Businesses
Receiving money for your business that you do not have to pay back is a very appealing prospect. Of course, with free money on the line, you must compete with many other businesses for a slice of the same pie. Both federal and state governments provide grants to small businesses. Private corporations and charitable foundations have grant programs as well.
To narrow down the competition and increase your odds of landing a small business grant, familiarize yourself with the basic types of grants that are available.
Federal Grants
The federal government provides financial assistance to businesses and individuals in a variety of ways. One of those ways is through federal grants. Like most things associated with the federal government, federal grants must comply with numerous regulations, and the paper trail is daunting.
By law, federal grant funds are available to the public using a Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA). When the government announces a grant, it must include key information such as the purpose and goal of the program, the due date for grant applications, and the type of award. As the US Office of Justice Programs[1] explains, funding programs have several different structures, including discretionary grants and cooperative agreements.
Because there is no such thing as a free lunch, federal grant recipients should expect that even if they succeed in winning a government grant, their performance will be audited during the Post Award Phase[2]. An audit may be a small price to pay for government grant money, however. Businesses that do not mind the added oversight can explore federal grant opportunities from the following sources:
● Small Business Administration: The Small Business Administration (SBA) has two grant programs that are geared toward scientific research with the potential for commercialization: the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and the Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs. These programs are searchable on the government’s SBIR/STTR website[3]. The SBA also offers grants to community organizations[4] promoting entrepreneurship.
● Grants.gov: Grants.gov is your one-stop access point to federal grant-making agencies, including the US Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of Education, Department of Energy, and Department of Health and Human Services. Create an account at Grants.gov to search for grant opportunities[5] and filter by funding agency, business category, eligibility criteria, and funding instrument.
State and Local Grants
In addition to federal government grants, grants are available at the state and municipal levels. State and local business grants might give you a better shot at obtaining funds because you will not have to compete with businesses from across the country, as with federal business grants.
The following sources (by no means exhaustive) can help kickstart your search for local business funding:
● State Business Incentive Database: This database[6], a product of the Council for Community and Economic Research, lists thousands of incentive programs across the United States that small businesses can take advantage of. These incentive programs include not only grants but also tax credits, loans, and tax exemptions. Click on the state where your business is located to view a list of all state programs. You will need to create an account to view the results.
● Small Business Development Center: The Small Business Development Center is the most comprehensive small business assistance network in the United States. With approximately 1,000 local centers across the country, there is bound to be a center[7] near you that can help connect you with organizations offering grants and other financing sources.
● Economic Development Administration: While the Economic Development Administration (EDA) pursues a federal economic development agenda, it works directly with communities and regions, with a focus on local business conditions and needs. The EDA has grant investments related to planning, technical assistance, and infrastructure construction. Search for regional office contacts and other resources: EDA’s website[8].
● Women Business Center of Utah: As dedicated advocates of Utah women business owners, we support the everyday woman through loyalty, honesty, and world-class technical services; amplified with advocacy. Strives to help business owners avoid costly mistakes, build confidence, gain critical skills, and implement best practices to run purposeful and profitable businesses[9].
● INSPIRE Utah, Resources for Women: Our goal is to provide women with the resources they need to succeed in business. We have gathered key resources for networking, training, and funding[10].
Private Company Grants
Many big companies want to give back to the business community by supporting smaller companies with grants. The following are some of the better-known corporate, small business grants:
● The FedEx Small Business Grant Contest[11] awards a grand prize of $50,000 to three winners and a first-place prize of $20,000 to seven winners. The 2022 contest opens February 10 and runs until February 28.
● The Visa Everywhere Initiative[12] is specific to payments and commerce challenges, but over the years has raised more than $16 billion for thousands of startups. Applications for the North America regional competition are being accepted until March 31, 2024.
● American Express, in partnership with Main Street America, runs its Inclusive Backing program on an ongoing basis. The first grant cycle awarded more than 250 grants of over $5,000 each to underrepresented small business owners disproportionately affected by the pandemic. The next grant cycle will be announced in early 2024, according to the Inclusive Backing site[13].
● The National Association for the Self-Employed (NASE) has awarded $1 million in grants since 2006. Business development grants from the NASE—only available to members—are worth up to $4,000. Applications are accepted on a quarterly basis and winners are chosen monthly. See past winners and learn more here[14].
● A small business grant from NAV[15], a company that matches businesses to financing, can give your business $5,000 (runner-up) or $10,000 (grand prize). The annual grant competition opens again in early March 2022. Previous winners include a vegan restaurant, a logistics company, an equine services company, a coffee shop, and a custom furniture manufacturer.
Applying for a Small Business Grant
Unlike a small business law, receiving a small business grant will not create burdensome debt. But as with applying for a loan, you can expect the grant application process to be burdensome. Application requirements vary, but in general, you should expect to submit financial documentation and answer questions related to why you need the grant money, how you plan to use it, and why your business is deserving of the funds.
For an idea of what it takes to apply for a federal grant, here are the steps required in an SBA grant application[16] ; contact our office and schedule an appointment 801-518-6073 or https://api.leadconnectorhq.com/widget/bookings/walton-parke:
● Obtain a Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) number.
● Register with the System for Award Management (SAM).
● Create a Grants.gov account and add a profile for your business.
● Create a cover letter for your application.
● Create a proposed plan for the grant that includes performance measures and outcomes (if the grant is approved, you will be required to report on performance measures, completed activities, and measurable results every quarter).
● Submit a technical proposal that details your management capabilities, key personnel, experience, financial assistance plan, and a discussion of the economic benefits your proposed business activities will bring.
● Provide budget information about your business.
● Obtain necessary letters from key stakeholders.
● List your facilities, board of directors, organization chart, contractual or consulting agreements, and position descriptions.
● Submit tax identification documentation, a cost policy statement, and an audit report.
Again, these are the requirements for just one loan program, but it should give you an idea of what is in store when applying for a small business grant. Applying for a private company grant contest could be far less burdensome than seeking a federal government grant but be prepared ahead of time by gathering your organizational documents and financial records, such as your income statement, cash flow statement, balance sheet, projected financials, and due diligence disclosures (e.g., pending legal action).
There are many different facets to obtaining a business grant. If you need assistance with the loan application process or finding a funding source, our business attorneys are here for you. As partners in your small business, we succeed when you succeed. For help with a small business grant, reach out to our office and schedule an appointment 801-518-6073 or https://api.leadconnectorhq.com/widget/bookings/walton-parke.
[1] https://www.ojp.gov/funding/grants101/types-funding
[2] https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/learn-grants/grants-101/post-award-phase.html
[3] https://www.sbir.gov/
[4] https://www.sba.gov/funding-programs/grants/grants-community-organizations
[5] https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/search-grants.html
[6] http://www.stateincentives.org/
[7] https://americassbdc.org/find-your-sbdc/
[8] https://www.eda.gov/archives/2016/resources/
[9] https://wbcutah.org/
[10] https://inutah.org/resources/
[11] https://www.fedex.com/en-us/small-business/grant-contest.html
[12] https://visaeverywhere.typeform.com/to/l31UBPUi?typeform-source=usa.visa.com
[13] https://www.mainstreet.org/howwecanhelp/inclusivebacking#timeline
[14] https://www.nase.org/
[15] https://www.nav.com/business-grant-contest/#apply
[16] https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/2018-04/STEP FY2018 grants.gov INSTRUCTIONS (1).pdf